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M94A2329.TXT
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1994-10-25
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Document 2329
DOCN M94A2329
TI Pooled testing for HIV screening: capturing the dilution effect.
DT 9412
AU Wein LM; Zenios SA
SO Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):329 (abstract no. PC0250). Unique
Identifier : AIDSLINE ICA10/94370246
AB We study pooled (or group) testing as a cost-effective alternative for
screening donated blood products (sera) for HIV; rather than test each
sample individually, this method combines various samples into a pool,
and then tests the pool. A group testing policy specifies an initial
pool size, and based on the HIV test result, either releases all samples
in the pool for transfusion, discards all samples in the pool, or
divides the pool into subpools for further testing. We develop a
generalized linear model that relates the HIV test output to the
antibody concentration in the pool, and hence captures the effect of
pooling together different samples. The model is validated and
simplified using data from a variety of field studies, and is embedded
into a dynamic programming algorithm that derives a group testing policy
to minimize the expected cost due to false negatives, false positives
and testing. A simulation study shows that significant cost savings can
be achieved without compromising the accuracy of the test. However, the
efficacy of group testing depends upon the use of a classification rule
(that is, discard the samples in the pool, transfuse them or test them
further) that is dependent on pool size, a characteristic that is
lacking in currently implemented pooled testing procedures.
DE AIDS Serodiagnosis/*ECONOMICS Blood Banks/*ECONOMICS Blood
Donors/*STATISTICS & NUMER DATA Cost-Benefit Analysis Human HIV
Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/TRANSMISSION Linear
Models Mass Screening/*ECONOMICS MEETING ABSTRACT
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).